English standards alignment

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading or listening, choosing precise and concise wording. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases using context clues, word parts and reference materials. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what an informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Determine a central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Analyse how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas or events through comparisons, analogies or categories. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Analyse the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed and how it distinguishes their position from others. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Integrate information presented in different media, formats and words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and relevant evidence from claims that are not. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Analyse how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasising different evidence or interpretations. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what a literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Analyse how particular elements of a story or drama interact, including how characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings, and analyse the impact of word choice on meaning and tone. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Analyse how a particular sentence, chapter, scene or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of theme, setting or plot. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Explain how an author develops the point of view of the narrator or speaker in a text. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Compare and contrast a written story, drama or poem with its audio, filmed, staged or multimedia version, analysing the effects of each medium. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres, or a fictional portrayal and a historical account of the same period, in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions, building on others' ideas and expressing your own clearly and persuasively. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats and explain how it contributes to a topic, text or issue under study. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Present claims and findings with pertinent descriptions, facts, details and examples, using appropriate eye contact, adequate volume and clear pronunciation. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasise salient points. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging alternate or opposing claims. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Write informative or explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts and information through the selection, organization and analysis of relevant content. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using effective technique, relevant descriptive details and well-structured event sequences. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Use technology, including the internet, to produce and publish writing and to present the relationships between information and ideas clearly. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further investigation. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility of each source, and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection and research. Grade 6 emphasis: work with a single text or clear pairing, with teacher-modelled evidence and summary.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading or listening, choosing precise and concise wording. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases using context clues, word parts and reference materials. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what an informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Determine a central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Analyse how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas or events through comparisons, analogies or categories. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Analyse the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed and how it distinguishes their position from others. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Integrate information presented in different media, formats and words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and relevant evidence from claims that are not. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Analyse how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasising different evidence or interpretations. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what a literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Analyse how particular elements of a story or drama interact, including how characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings, and analyse the impact of word choice on meaning and tone. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Analyse how a particular sentence, chapter, scene or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of theme, setting or plot. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Explain how an author develops the point of view of the narrator or speaker in a text. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Compare and contrast a written story, drama or poem with its audio, filmed, staged or multimedia version, analysing the effects of each medium. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres, or a fictional portrayal and a historical account of the same period, in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions, building on others' ideas and expressing your own clearly and persuasively. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats and explain how it contributes to a topic, text or issue under study. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Present claims and findings with pertinent descriptions, facts, details and examples, using appropriate eye contact, adequate volume and clear pronunciation. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasise salient points. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging alternate or opposing claims. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Write informative or explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts and information through the selection, organization and analysis of relevant content. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using effective technique, relevant descriptive details and well-structured event sequences. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Use technology, including the internet, to produce and publish writing and to present the relationships between information and ideas clearly. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further investigation. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility of each source, and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection and research. Grade 7 emphasis: analyse how choices in a text create effects, and handle two related texts independently.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading or listening, choosing precise and concise wording. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases using context clues, word parts and reference materials. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what an informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Determine a central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Analyse how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas or events through comparisons, analogies or categories. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Analyse the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed and how it distinguishes their position from others. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Integrate information presented in different media, formats and words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and relevant evidence from claims that are not. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Analyse how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasising different evidence or interpretations. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what a literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Analyse how particular elements of a story or drama interact, including how characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings, and analyse the impact of word choice on meaning and tone. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Analyse how a particular sentence, chapter, scene or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of theme, setting or plot. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Explain how an author develops the point of view of the narrator or speaker in a text. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Compare and contrast a written story, drama or poem with its audio, filmed, staged or multimedia version, analysing the effects of each medium. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres, or a fictional portrayal and a historical account of the same period, in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions, building on others' ideas and expressing your own clearly and persuasively. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats and explain how it contributes to a topic, text or issue under study. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Present claims and findings with pertinent descriptions, facts, details and examples, using appropriate eye contact, adequate volume and clear pronunciation. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasise salient points. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging alternate or opposing claims. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Write informative or explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts and information through the selection, organization and analysis of relevant content. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using effective technique, relevant descriptive details and well-structured event sequences. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Use technology, including the internet, to produce and publish writing and to present the relationships between information and ideas clearly. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further investigation. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility of each source, and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection and research. Grade 8 emphasis: analyse subtler techniques such as irony, conflicting evidence and differing interpretations.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading or listening, choosing precise and concise wording. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases using context clues, word parts and reference materials. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what an informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Determine a central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Analyse how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas or events through comparisons, analogies or categories. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Analyse the structure an author uses to organize a text, including how the major sections contribute to the whole and to the development of the ideas. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed and how it distinguishes their position from others. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Integrate information presented in different media, formats and words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and relevant evidence from claims that are not. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Analyse how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasising different evidence or interpretations. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what a literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyse its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Analyse how particular elements of a story or drama interact, including how characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings, and analyse the impact of word choice on meaning and tone. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Analyse how a particular sentence, chapter, scene or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of theme, setting or plot. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Explain how an author develops the point of view of the narrator or speaker in a text. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Compare and contrast a written story, drama or poem with its audio, filmed, staged or multimedia version, analysing the effects of each medium. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres, or a fictional portrayal and a historical account of the same period, in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions, building on others' ideas and expressing your own clearly and persuasively. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats and explain how it contributes to a topic, text or issue under study. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Delineate a speaker's argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Present claims and findings with pertinent descriptions, facts, details and examples, using appropriate eye contact, adequate volume and clear pronunciation. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasise salient points. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging alternate or opposing claims. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Write informative or explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts and information through the selection, organization and analysis of relevant content. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using effective technique, relevant descriptive details and well-structured event sequences. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Use technology, including the internet, to produce and publish writing and to present the relationships between information and ideas clearly. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions for further investigation. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility of each source, and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection and research. Grades 9–10 emphasis: sustain a line of analysis across complex texts, using precise evidence and a formal academic register.