Grade 8 · Grade 8: Linear Equations, Systems and Functions · Linear Relationships and Functions

Systems of Linear Equations

Algebra & FunctionsExtension50 min

Find where two lines meet, graphically and algebraically, and use systems to make real decisions.

Learning objectives

  • Solve simultaneous linear equations by graphing, substitution and elimination.
  • Explain why a solution is a point of intersection.
  • Model choices such as competing price plans with a system.

AERO Mathematics alignment

  • AERO.M8.AE.4

    Analyse and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations graphically and algebraically, understanding that solutions correspond to points of intersection.

MYP criteria

  • Criterion AKnowing and understanding
  • Criterion CCommunicating
  • Criterion DApplying mathematics in real-life contexts

ENGAGE

Start here

Plan A: 40 QAR per month with no joining fee. Plan B: 10 QAR joining fee plus 30 QAR per month.

Think about it

After how many months do the two plans cost the same, and which is cheaper before that?

Hint: Write an equation for each and find where they meet.

EXPLAIN

Two equations, one point

A system of two linear equations asks for values that satisfy both at once. Graphically, the solution is the point of intersection.

MethodHow it worksBest when
GraphingDraw both lines, read the intersectionYou want a visual answer
SubstitutionReplace one variable using the other equationOne equation gives y directly
EliminationAdd or subtract to remove a variableCoefficients line up neatly

Worked example

c = 40m and c = 30m + 10. Setting them equal gives 40m = 30m + 10, so 10m = 10 and m = 1 month, at a cost of 40 QAR. Before one month Plan B is cheaper; after it, Plan A is.

Three possible outcomes

  • Lines cross once: exactly one solution.
  • Lines are parallel: no solution.
  • Lines coincide: infinitely many solutions.

Remember

Always substitute your answer back into both original equations. A point that satisfies only one of them is not a solution to the system.

INVESTIGATION

Try it yourself

Find two real mobile or streaming plans with different fixed fees and rates. Write the system, solve it algebraically, then graph both lines and mark the break-even point. Recommend a plan based on your own usage.

Watch

Solving Linear Systems by Substitution

Khan Academy · 9:00

A dependable algebraic method to back up your graphs.

Before you watch: What does the intersection point of two lines represent?

  1. Solve y = 2x + 1 and y = −x + 7.
  2. What does it mean when a system has no solution?
Open on YouTube

Interactive simulation · PhET

Graphing Lines

Graph two lines at once and read their intersection, then verify it algebraically.

While you explore

  1. What does the intersection point mean in a price-comparison problem?
  2. When do two lines have no intersection, and what does that mean for the system?
Open full screen on PhET

Key vocabulary

Elimination
Adding or subtracting equations to remove one variable.
System of equations
Two or more equations that must be true at the same time.

Practice questions

0/1 correct

Level 1 · Criterion A

Solve the system y = 2x + 1 and y = −x + 7.

MYP criterion tasks

Level 2 · Criterion D

Plan A costs 40 per month. Plan B costs 10 plus 30 per month. Find the break-even month and advise a user who stays 6 months.

Reflect & track

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